Sep 23, 2021 · Allegedly, the original Sad Satan included sexually explicit images of children and gore, as well as damaging malware that would destroy the player's computer. This prompted those in the Sad Satan subreddit to create a malware-free version of the game wherein the gruesome pictures were replaced with more innocuous imagery; this user-friendly ... About This Game. Sad Satan v 1.5 is a classic, three-dimensional horror game in the first-person perspective genre. It is designed to immerse the player in a sense of mystery while evoking intense feelings of fear and anxiety. In the game you need to get out the cellar . The player awakens in a maze that consists of a series of narrow paths and ... Sad Satan - One of the pictures displayed in Sad Satan Like us on Facebook! Like 1.8M Share Save Tweet PROTIP: Press the ← and → keys to navigate the gallery, 'g' to view the gallery, or 'r' to view a random image. Previous: View Gallery Random Image:Sad Satan. 테러 엔진 [1] 으로 만들어진 호러 게임. 더불어 개발자와 게임 내용을 둘러싼 괴담과 미스테리로 유명해진 게임이다. 가장 기괴한 게임으로 자주 꼽힌다. 단순히 공포 게임으로만 따지면 새드 사탄은 민망한 수준이지만 이 무서운 분위기 만큼은 다른 ...Wax pencils and black marker. I made this to support the Indian antifascists and the Indian Muslim minority. Under Narendra Modi's lax government, Hindu nationalist paramilitary RSS (whom Modi was a member of) got more and more violent and islamophobic. They recently targeted JNU, a historical leftist and laic pole. Stay strong.Updated October 13, 2017. Rarely-seen photos that'll upend your image of this genocidal dictator. Hitler poses during a photo shoot in which he tries out new gestures to a recording of one of his speeches. These photos were taken by Heinrich Hoffmann after Hitler's release from Landsberg Prison in 1925.Heinrich Hoffmann/Getty Images.Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. ... GORE, OR MALWARE IN IT!!! That's just incredibly insensitive and downright disgusting. ... no images appear in the game, i posted it on youtube and i wanted to post it here ... Now a few days later a guy named ZK AKA Garry graves who was recently convicted for possessing child pizza, ZK somehow got access to the game and changed the photos in the files to one CP image, and three gore images while a photo of Rolf Harris and the Asian guy remained, Also there was never any malware that was also a hoax, any way a team ... Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. During the investigation, someone released a "clone" with illicit material in it. ... Unlike the other gore photos in the files, G5 is CP. Reply replyA later version of Sad Satan, informally known as the "clone" version owing to the substantial differences between it and the earlier version, gained notoriety for containing extremely graphic imagery, including photographs of mutilated corpses and an instance of child pornography. Sad Satan is a horror video game released for Microsoft Windows ...AD Gore's Satans SideShow. 1,350 likes · 27 talking about this. Maniac SideShow of Custom Created Products by The One and Only-Andrew D Gore!These are all the sounds found in the respective folder in the game "Sad Satan" (IGG Version).Had a blast going through the files on this rare and illegal ve...Ang mga photos na'to ay galing sa fake version ng SAD SATAN, but it still creepy... How much more ang original game nito... SAD SATAN in 2015 was... Kababalaghan at Nakakapanindig Balahibo · October 14, 2020 · ...See more 'Sad Satan' images on Know Your Meme! See more 'Sad Satan' images on Know Your Meme! Advanced Search Protips. About; Rules; Chat; Random; Activity; Welcome! Login or ... Sad Satan Uploaded by Steven MAGAniverse Sad Satan Uploaded by Pippeli Sad Satan Uploaded by Pippeli + Add a Comment. Comments (2) Display Comments.Sad Satan - Sad Satan v 1.5 is a classic, three-dimensional horror game in the first-person perspective genre. It is designed to immerse the player in a sense of mystery while evoking intense feelings of fear and anxiety. In the game you need to get out the cellar . The player awakens in a maze that consists of a series of narrow paths and terrifying locations, enveloped in a dark and dim ...September 10, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. EDT. The World Trade Center's South Tower just after the second plane's impact in New York on Sept. 11, 2001. (Lyle Owerko) The sound, a colossal crashing, a ...Sad Satan Onion Links. It's called "Sad Satan," and it's a. Users can upload stuff to something called Onion sites. "But a month or two ago a subscriber sent me a link and said they found something. Deep Web Links or the Hidden Web is a part of the World Wide Web but the fact is that their contents are not indexed by the standard ...This is a gallery of images of Satan. For the full-size versions of the images click on the thumbnails below. Concept art for Satan's updated look in " Freemium Isn't Free ". Satan forfeits his fight with Jesus Christ in " Damien ". Satan with Saddam Hussein in " The Mexican Staring Frog of Southern Sri Lanka ".That's good. For me this subreddit answered every question I had about sad satan. While disapointing it is a non playable game made just to boost subscribers to some youtube channel, for an art game I feel like it is a concept is a solid one that should come to life (Minus the CP of course). The lore of this has been one hell of a ride.The Gore Pictures are Four Real Life Pictures of DECAPITATIONS or SEVERED LIMBS as well as a Picture of Someone’s HEAD BEING CRUSHED under a Truck Tire. The Pictures are Disturbing Enough, BUT this is Sad Satan We’re talking about here so of course there’s a Twist when it comes to the Gore Pictures.Sad Satan . I know this died out a long time ago. But ZK might be a known CP and registered on a sex offender registry that is if he is not OHC. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. Practical-Line-498 ...Hey! So today I played a horror game thatI've gotten requested a lot. Today we're playing"Sad Satan."This is a horror game that originated on the dark web,an...Sad Satan is a horror-themed exploration game created in 2015. It is known for its disturbing imagery and dark, surrealistic atmosphere. The game has gained notoriety due to its graphic depictions of violence, gore, and horror.Free Sad Aesthetic Photos. Photos 12.6K Videos 3.1K Users 33.6K. Filters. Popular. All Orientations. All Sizes. #. Previous123456Next. Download and use 10,000+ Sad Aesthetic stock photos for free. Thousands of new images every day Completely Free to Use High-quality videos and images from Pexels.Add a description, then click generate. This generator was made using the text-to-image plugin. Creepy, cursed AI image generator. Create weird images that are unsettling/disturbing/haunted, or just plain scary/horror images. Pure AI-generated nightmare fuel right into your eyeballs 😊.Now a few days later a guy named ZK AKA Garry graves who was recently convicted for possessing child pizza, ZK somehow got access to the game and changed the photos in the files to one CP image, and three gore images while a photo of Rolf Harris and the Asian guy remained, Also there was never any malware that was also a hoax, any way a team ...Sad Satan was also known for its unofficial, far more disturbing "true" version. Contents. ... images will intermittently appear, preventing their progress in the game. Most of these images often include references to child abuse, ... and the images that were displayed were replaced with violent gore and child pornography. G1.jpg featured an ...Top 21 must-see new satanic movies from satanic movies, including Destroy All Neighbors, Hell House LLC Origins: The Carmichael Manor, Subspecies V: Blood Rise, Evil Dead Rise, Late Night with the Devil, Sister Death, Lord of Misrule, The Popes Exorcist, The Nun 2, and Insidious: The Red Door ranked and rated by release date, new satanic movie ...Want to discover art related to sad_satan? Check out amazing sad_satan artwork on DeviantArt. Get inspired by our community of talented artists.See more 'Sad Satan' images on Know Your Meme! I first found out about Sad Satan two years ago. Then I ran across it again while on Twitter looking at posts @HorrorBible. Sad satan, a game only playable through the Dark Web. There are two games very similar to Sad Satan, made by Indie BD user 'NameIess': Eviland FUN.* SnuffFilm: The worst versions are littered with actual pictures of horrific mutilation, gore, and, if the Reddit posts are to be believed, [[PedoHunt things even worse]]. ... Regardless, it worked, and ''Sad Satan'' has the reputation as TheMostDangerousVideoGame of recent memory. All And all of this backstory, and the game itself is just ...There still is a version online marked sad Satan true. This one has the gore pictures plus one pic of cp. I came across while searching out more info on Gary graves who very well could be and probably is the creator of scareberezk obsure horror and -zk.100 Popular Sad Roblox IDs. Updated: August 31, 2022. 1. Sad violin: 135308045 2. Sing me a sad song |Chill|: 3109808649 3. Sad Song: 274171468 4. Sad End (Solo Piano ...What's going on my dedicated Plumbers?!Today I'm playing the clean Remake of SAD SATAN, created by DRSG on Gamejolt! Description from Gamejolt:What Is Sad Sa...11,098 satan angel stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See satan angel stock video clips. Find Satan angel stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day.Hey! So today I played a horror game thatI've gotten requested a lot. Today we're playing"Sad Satan."This is a horror game that originated on the dark web,an...Couch claimed the song's backward lyrics were "Here's to my sweet Satan/The one whose little path would make me sad, whose power is Satan/He will give those with him 666/There was a little ...Foto Foto di Game Sad Satan. Karena dikenal sangat menyeramkan, semakin banyak orang yang tertarik untuk memainkan game Sad Satan satu ini. Rata-rata mereka yang penasaran akan game ini, mencari foto-foto yang ada di game Sad Satan. Hal tersebutlah yang membuat topik tentang Sad Satan game Pictures menjadi viral di …This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. During the investigation, someone released a "clone" with illicit material in it. Now, this subreddit stands to document what we found, and to act as the primary source of information about Sad Satan. Any copy of the game you find will have illegal content in it.orsonmall.comA collection of the top 47 Satan wallpapers and backgrounds available for download for free. We hope you enjoy our growing collection of HD images to use as a background or home screen for your smartphone or computer. Please contact us if you want to publish a Satan wallpaper on our site.Jack Gore Photo. 959 likes · 2 talking about this. Interiors | Exteriors Sunshine Coast [email protected] IG: @jackgorephoto On July 7, 2015, an anonymous user claiming to be ZK posted a thread on 4chan, alleging that the original "Sad Satan" version covered by Obscure Horror Corner was not authentic. The post included a download link to a new version, which contained graphic content including gore and child pornography. 11,098 satan angel stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See satan angel stock video clips. Find Satan angel stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day.Sad Satan. By. chromeart123. Watch. Published: Jan 17, 2019. 30 Favourites. 8 Comments. 2.1K Views. child demonic gif girl horror sad_satan gifanimation greenscreen. ... But as for uncensored gore version I've seen all the photos that this version contains. I have also managed to find all the original songs that are reversed.Dec 4, 2021 · Sad Satan was a dark web mystery, where Reddit and 4Chan did their best to get to the bottom of this strange horror game. Who made this mysterious game? Why?... May 16, 2022 · I know on itch.io you can find the one played on the obscure horror corner and the "true" version can be found on the dark web version of piratebay (i do not recommend going there at all i tested it on a windows 7 vm and it doesn't boot anymore) Don't download any version because it could contain gore/cp/malware/etc.Later, when they tried to boot into their computer as normal, the computer failed to load.This version, dubbed the "clone" by most of the /r/sadsatan community, contained images of violent gore and some child pornography, some of which was accessible right from the Title Screen of the game. A version of the game with the pornography removed ...This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. During the investigation, someone released a "clone" with illicit material in it. Now, this subreddit stands to document what we found, and to act as the primary source of information about Sad Satan. Any copy of the game you find will have illegal content in it.1 - - > ORIGEN DEL JUEGO. Sad Satan es un juego que apareció por primera vez en YouTube, en un canal llamado Obscure Horror Corner, el cual se encuentra actualmente en el mismo. El canal se dedicaba a subir videojuegos de horror, muy poco conocidos. Eran videos de Gameplay sin micrófono y/o cámara. El canal subió Sad Satan en cinco videos ...Sad Satan: The original game posted by Obscure Horror Corner features walking down monochromatic corridors while various audio samples are played and looped over each other. Audio in the game leans heavily on recordings of interviews with various murderers, such as Charles Manson. The game also depends heavily on distorted or reversed audio of such interviews or musical clips.Wikipedia states that the owner of OHC got the link courtesy of a deep web forum from a user known as ZK. This has all the makings of an X Files episode. The game caught the eye of the Reddit ...RF 2B126X2 – illustration of a man tempted by the devil, looking sad and helpless. RF J9F18W – Devil sad. Sadness emotion on red background. Demon pessimist. Satan is pitiful. Mournful pathetic Beelzebub. Mefistofil prince of darkness and underw. RF P6CAY8 – Night red hair davil make a face, studio shot.Many people theorize ZK and OHC are the same person and it was all a PublicityStunt to popularize OHC and make a legend. Regardless, it worked, and ''Sad Satan'' has the reputation as TheMostDangerousVideoGame of recent memory. All of this backstory, and the game itself is just a senseless, surreal trek down a series of dark, nightmarish corridors.Wikipedia states that the owner of OHC got the link courtesy of a deep web forum from a user known as ZK. This has all the makings of an X Files episode. The game caught the eye of the Reddit ...Sad Satan has an APK download size of 95.49 MB and the latest version available is 1.0.5. Sad Satan costs $2.99 to download. Description. Sad Satan is a classic, three-dimensional horror game in the first-person perspective genre. Show more. More data about Sad Satan. Price: $2.99 Total downloads: 72 Recent downloads: 7Find the perfect sad satan image. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. No need to register, buy now!SAD SATAN - Disturbing Imagery Warning! Ground Zero With Clyde Lewis. 19.9K subscribers. 412. 82K views 8 years ago. Gameplay footage provided by Alex Clooten of the PC game …RF 2B126X2 – illustration of a man tempted by the devil, looking sad and helpless. RF J9F18W – Devil sad. Sadness emotion on red background. Demon pessimist. Satan is pitiful. Mournful pathetic Beelzebub. Mefistofil prince of darkness and underw. RF P6CAY8 – Night red hair davil make a face, studio shot.Discord Community https://discord.gg/vJg6cUWPuXGame Download https://link-hub.net/120933/sad-satan-graphic -- INFO -- | Game Sad Satan Graphic | Size ...In july anonymous 4chan user claimed to be the creator of sad satan and shared a link, where the game could be downloaded. The game was like sad satan, but there was only one level. The biggest difference was, that the pictures where changed to sick real life gore and child porn. The clone also brougth a nasty troijan to your computer.Images. Did Sad Satan gory pictures come from murder cases or somewhere else I'm better off not knowing? Yes, they did. I don't recall the names of the cases offhand. I should share that MamaMax video about it, he explains a …Sad Satan is the first game in memory that, like an obelisk or artifact in a horror movie, was discovered hidden away on the Deep Web,' abandoned and out of sight on a part of the Internet unindexed by search engines like Google and unreachable without specialized tools. It's not particularly well-made either.Blue Tie Kid:'TikTok Rizz Party' Alleged 'Group Leader' Sparks Memes And Fan Edits On TikTokPhotos. 20. By Jennifer Peltz. Published 5:30 AM PDT, September 8, 2021. EDITORS: This story first ran in 2021 for the 20th anniversary of 9/11. It is being republished for the 22nd anniversary. It was a day of indelible images — apocalyptic, surreal, violent, ghostly, both monumental and profoundly personal. Wrenching to remember.Memberikan beberapa gambar permainan 2 Dimensi yang penuh dengan gambar, bahkan membuat kalian juga akan merasa bingung dengan tujuan game tersebut. Saran Esportsku kalau kalian penasaran, mending lihat di Youtube saja dulu. Setelah mengetahui Sad Satan Games Pictures, kalian harus tau dulu sebelum memainkannnya dengan mudah.Sad satan (2018) photos, including production stills, premiere photos and other event photos, publicity photos, behind-the-scenes, and more.Sad satan (2018) photos, including production stills, premiere photos and other event photos, publicity photos, behind-the-scenes, and more.🎮 Like Sad Satan, but better. Trigger Warning Surprise Twist Don't forget to check out the credits to the real thing! (computer safe for gameplay) #other. Mildly Upset Satan. by Upset S8n @Triggered- ... Blood and Gore. Nudity. Graphic Sexual …04-ene-2023 - ʇɥǝ ̶d̶ɐɹʞn̶ǝs̶s̶ ̶ın̶ʌɐd̶ǝs̶ ̶ɯʎ ̶ɥǝɐɹʇ ̶ɐn̶d̶ ̶ɯın̶d̶, ̶ʇɥǝɹǝ ̶ıs̶ ̶n̶o̶ ̶ǝs̶ɔɐd̶ǝ. ̶ı ̶ʍo̶n̶l̶d̶ ̶l̶ıʞǝ ̶ʇo̶ ̶b̶ǝ ̶l̶ıʞǝ ̶o̶ʇɥǝɹs̶, ̶ı ̶ʍo̶n̶l̶d̶ ̶l̶ıʞǝ ̶ʇo̶ ̶b̶ǝ ̶l̶ıʞǝ ̶ʎo̶n̶, ̶ı ̶ɔɐn̶n̶o̶ʇ ̶b̶l̶o̶ʍs̶ ̶ɐn̶d̶ ̶b̶l̶o̶o̶d̶ ̶s̶d̶ıl̶l̶ ...See more 'Sad Satan' images on Know Your Meme! I first found out about Sad Satan two years ago. Then I ran across it again while on Twitter looking at posts @HorrorBible. Sad satan, a game only playable through the Dark Web. There are two games very similar to Sad Satan, made by Indie BD user 'NameIess': Eviland FUN.Discord Community https://discord.gg/vJg6cUWPuXGame Download https://link-hub.net/120933/sad-satan-graphic -- INFO -- | Game Sad Satan Graphic | Size ...It is unethical. Sad Satan TRUE (64bit) exploits and violates the rights and dignity of real children who were abused and exploited. By downloading or playing Sad Satan TRUE (64bit), you are supporting and encouraging such abuse and exploitation. Therefore, we strongly advise you not to download or play Sad Satan TRUE (64bit) from 4shared or ...But photos of real demons on this list were captured by real people, during normal moments in their lives made paranormal by something from beyond. If there's one take away from these real photos of demons it's that no two demonic entities are the same. Some appear to people in the guise of a fire, while others pop up on a trail cam, but no ...Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. During the investigation, someone released a "clone" with illicit material in it. Now, this subreddit stands to document what we found, and to act as the primary source of information about Sad Satan. Any copy of the game you ...However, the clone version was found to contain gore and child pornography pictures, as well as a virus that completely destroys the computer. Afterwards, a safe clean version was distributed by a reddit user to remove hateful images and dangerous elements, and it is up to now.The r/sadsatan community has patched together a "clean" version of this "real" copy, which replaces the gore/cp with mundane images, and provides an alternative method for playing the game without executing the original .exe. TL;DR - The ONLY version you're going to find online will be a copycat version with gore and child porn in it.Feb 13, 2020 · Gameplay de SAD SATAN (lo habéis logrado): https://youtu.be/2JS9yXflNBg¡Mi marca de ropa! → https://wildstylestore.comMi web → http://www.jordiwild.comTWITTE...September 10, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. EDT. The World Trade Center's South Tower just after the second plane's impact in New York on Sept. 11, 2001. (Lyle Owerko) The sound, a colossal crashing, a ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.Sad Satan and the Deep Web. Sad Satan is a horror game on the deep web and it has caught the attention of horror game enthusiasts. The game references Charles Manson and Adolf Hitler, incorporating audio clips and photography into this bizarre world. Check out Dark Mysteries' analysis of the game here:
Later, when they tried to boot into their computer as normal, the computer failed to load.This version, dubbed the "clone" by most of the /r/sadsatan community, contained images of violent gore and some child pornography, some of which was accessible right from the Title Screen of the game. A version of the game with the pornography removed .... Osceola county inmate search daily arrest
Kotaku updated their article saying that the video uploader claims there was cp and gore in the game... Post; Report; Anonymous Tue 07 Jul 2015 19:28:36 No. 16336506 Report. ... surely it ain't original Sad Satan, it lacks the pics featured in the original version, such as the antler hallway . Post; Report; Anonymous Tue 07 Jul 2015 …The only meaning I could get out of it is child abuse and murder. My thought, its that This is meant to be some sort of a reality check, just a reminder to you how this world is fucked up, And that theres no coming back, and That even Satan is Sad And Disgusted that people have done those things. I suspect it doesn't.He was nicknamed The Torso Killer and Times Square Torso Ripper after his dismemberment and decapitation of two victims on December 2, 1979 in a Hells Kitchen hotel on W. 42nd Street and Tenth Avenue in the vicinity of Times Square. The majority of his victims were sex workers. I remember I watched the Gore images in the video game Sad Satan.This subreddit is a place for creepy and out of place things surrounding video games. A home for video game mysteries, myths, obscure games, ARG's, creepy secrets/easter eggs, creepypasta, personal stories relating to scary experiences, and general strange/creepy things surrounding games not otherwise meant to be creepy in the same way.The more disturbing theory is that Sad Satan is more like a snuff movie than a game, and that the references to paedophilia and the audio files of children screaming are 'real'. Those that ...In this video Achilles explains the story about the strange game know as Sad Satan. Achilles goes into detail about the origin story and the end.Social:https...Sad Satan is a classic, three-dimensional horror game in the first-person perspective genre. It is designed to immerse the player in a sense of mystery while evoking intense feelings of fear and anxiety. The player awakens in a maze that consists of a series of narrow paths and terrifying locations, enveloped in a dark and dim atmosphere ...What's going on my dedicated Plumbers?!Today I'm playing the clean Remake of SAD SATAN, created by DRSG on Gamejolt! Description from Gamejolt:What Is Sad Sa...[WARNING] 18+ BLOODY DISGUSTING [SAD SATAN] [DEEP WEB HORROR GAME] [Link given] I peed while playing the censored version only lolPS: I am not encouraging an...Consider watching it if you want an experience similar to that of a B movie and if you love trash. 14. Basilisk - Kouga Ninpou Chou. Basilisk is an anime from 2005 that, like other shows on this list, falls within the genre of intense anime set in feudal Japan, featuring violence, honor, and dark elements.Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite.Sad Satan . I know this died out a long time ago. But ZK might be a known CP and registered on a sex offender registry that is if he is not OHC. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. Practical-Line-498 ...Blanche Monnier And The True Story Behind One Of The Creepiest Photos Ever Taken. As the beloved daughter of a prominent French family in the 1870s, Blanche Monnier lived her early years as if she was in a fairy tale, replete with notions of true love and happily ever after. Born on March 1, 1849, in Poitiers, Monnier thoroughly enjoyed …The name, Sad Satan, is a reference to a segment of the song played backwards. Today, you can still find the Obscure Horror Corner playthrough of Sad Satan, however according to them, their gameplay was heavily modified, as the original game contained child pornography and actual snuff. In fact, a link to the game was included with the video ...Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. ... GORE, OR MALWARE IN IT!!! That's just incredibly insensitive and downright disgusting. ... no images appear in the game, i posted it on youtube and i wanted to post it here ...Gameplay de SAD SATAN (lo habéis logrado): https://youtu.be/2JS9yXflNBg¡Mi marca de ropa! → https://wildstylestore.comMi web → http://www.jordiwild.comTWITTE...Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" ... Well they kinda wanted to do some cp and show some beheading other then just simply gore all the photos had some meaning behind it and most of the cartel gore is just simply a body cut into multiple bits or fitted with 100 bullets inside it and the ...Browse 730 beautiful Sad Ghost stock images, photos and wallpaper for royalty-free download from the creative contributors at Vecteezy!r/sadsatan. Sad Satan was a "game" released in 2015 as "the scariest game the internet has ever seen!" This subreddit was originally created to dig into the meaning behind the game. During the investigation, someone released a "clone" with illicit material in it. Now, this subreddit stands to document what we found, and to act as the primary ....